Map data attributions

The geography in this platform is derived from the datasets below. Each has been modified — filtered to the countries in use, simplified for drawing, and in places corrected — and those changes are listed so nothing here is mistaken for the original.

Natural Earth

Made with Natural Earth.

Licence: Public domain. All versions of Natural Earth raster + vector map data are in the public domain, and its authors invite use for personal, educational, and commercial purposes.

Changes made

Filtered to Japan.
Simplified to 30% of vertices using Visvalingam-Whyatt.
Prefectures dissolved by region to derive the nine regions.
Region assignment corrected for Saga and Nagasaki, which are null in the source; both are Kyushu.
Coordinates rounded to four decimal places.
South America, which the source's UN M49 regions leave undivided, divided into the five subdivisions of the Spanish Wikipedia article "Subdivisiones de América del Sur" — Northern South America, the Guianas, Brazil, the Central Andes, the Southern Cone — by a reviewed table of countries, and dissolved from them.
French Guiana, a region of France in the map subunits layer, dissolved into the Guianas and asked in the Guianas' set as French Guiana (France); France stays one country everywhere else. The Falkland Islands are drawn as the source draws them, in no region and not asked.

Myanmar subnational administrative boundaries (COD-AB), OCHA

Myanmar administrative boundaries: OCHA COD-AB (https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-mmr), from MIMU v9.4, CC BY-IGO. Adapted.

Licence: CC BY-IGO 3.0. Published by OCHA Field Information Services under the Creative Commons Attribution for Intergovernmental Organisations licence: free to share and adapt, including commercially, with attribution. Derived from the Myanmar Information Management Unit's v9.4 boundaries, which OCHA republishes; MIMU's own datasets are not used directly, since their terms refuse online platforms without written agreement.

Changes made

Filtered to the 80 districts (admin 2) and, for the seats, the 330 townships (admin 3).
Simplified to 30% of vertices using Visvalingam-Whyatt; coordinates rounded to four decimal places.
The 18 first-level units are grouped into the 14 states and regions: Bago East and West, Shan South, North and East, and Nay Pyi Taw's two districts under Mandalay Region.
Districts dissolved by state or region to derive the region set.
Township centroids used as the position of a district seat where the populated-places layer has no place of that name.

Lao PDR subnational administrative boundaries (COD-AB), OCHA

Lao PDR administrative boundaries: OCHA COD-AB (https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-lao), from the National Geographic Department, CC BY-IGO. Adapted.

Licence: CC BY-IGO 3.0. Published by OCHA under the Creative Commons Attribution for Intergovernmental Organisations licence: free to share and adapt, including commercially, with attribution. From the National Geographic Department of Lao PDR.

Changes made

Filtered to the 18 first-level units: 17 provinces and Vientiane Prefecture.
Simplified to 30% of vertices using Visvalingam-Whyatt; coordinates rounded to four decimal places.
Provinces dissolved into Northern, Central and Southern Laos to derive the region set.

Cambodia subnational administrative boundaries (COD-AB), OCHA

Cambodia administrative boundaries: OCHA COD-AB (https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-khm), from the General Department of Cadastre and Geography, CC BY-IGO. Adapted.

Changes made

The 25 first-level units: 24 provinces and Phnom Penh, which has provincial status.
Simplified with Visvalingam-Whyatt; coordinates rounded to four decimal places.
Provinces dissolved into the census's four geographic regions to derive the region set.

Philippines administrative boundaries (geoBoundaries), from NAMRIA, PSA and OCHA

Philippine administrative boundaries: geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020), from NAMRIA, PSA and OCHA Philippines, CC BY 3.0 IGO. Adapted.

Licence: CC BY 3.0 IGO. geoBoundaries republishes the Philippine COD-AB (National Mapping and Resource Information Authority, Philippine Statistics Authority, OCHA Philippines) under its own licence, CC BY 3.0 IGO: free to share and adapt with attribution. The 2020 edition, used here in place of the current COD-AB, which is a 1 GB archive.

Changes made

Provinces (admin 2) as of 2020, with Maguindanao rebuilt from its 36 municipalities (admin 3) into Maguindanao del Norte and del Sur, following the 2022 split.
Metro Manila's four districts merged into one item; Cotabato City and Isabela City merged into the provinces they sit in.
The Kalayaan Island Group removed from Palawan.
Simplified to 8% of vertices using Visvalingam-Whyatt; coordinates rounded to four decimal places.
Provinces dissolved into the 18 current regions, with Sulu in Region IX (2025) and the Negros Island Region (2024).

Indonesia administrative boundaries (geoBoundaries), from BPS

Indonesian administrative boundaries: geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020), from BPS via WFP and OCHA ROAP, CC BY 3.0 IGO. Adapted.

Licence: CC BY 3.0 IGO. geoBoundaries republishes Statistics Indonesia's (BPS) regency boundaries, through WFP and OCHA ROAP, under CC BY 3.0 IGO: free to share and adapt with attribution. The 2020 edition, used in place of the current COD-AB, a 456 MB archive. geoBoundaries' Indonesian admin-1 layer is OpenStreetMap's, under ODbL, and is not used.

Changes made

Regencies and cities (admin 2) as of 2020, dissolved into the 38 provinces of 2022 through a reviewed table: the source's province for each is found against Natural Earth's admin-1, and the provinces created since (North Kalimantan, and the four from Papua and West Papua) are assigned by regency.
Simplified; coordinates rounded to four decimal places.
Provinces dissolved into the seven island groups to derive the region set.

Thailand administrative boundaries (geoBoundaries), from the Royal Thai Survey Department

Thai administrative boundaries: geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020), from the Royal Thai Survey Department via OCHA ROAP, CC BY 3.0 IGO. Adapted.

Licence: CC BY 3.0 IGO. geoBoundaries republishes the Royal Thai Survey Department's district boundaries, through OCHA ROAP, under CC BY 3.0 IGO: free to share and adapt with attribution. Used in place of the COD-AB itself, a 437 MB archive. The Thai names of Bangkok's districts are the COD-AB's own (CC BY-IGO), kept as a reviewed table.

Changes made

Bangkok's 50 districts (khet) selected from the 928 by where they lie, with names from the COD-AB.
Ko Tao, Ko Phi Phi Don and Ko Samet taken as single rings of the districts that hold them, which Natural Earth's provinces do not carry.
Simplified; coordinates rounded.

National Land Numerical Information (administrative boundaries), Japan

Source: National Land Information Division, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan (https://nlftp.mlit.go.jp/ksj/). Adapted.

Licence: Compatible with CC BY 4.0. The National Land Numerical Information terms of use permit free use including commercial use, reproduction, and adaptation, and are stated to be compatible with Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. Attribution is required, and adaptations must be marked as such.

Changes made

Filtered to the 23 special wards of Tokyo (JIS codes 13101–13123).
Dissolved by ward code, since the source splits each ward into several polygons.
Simplified and coordinates rounded to five decimal places.

Distritos municipales de Madrid, Ayuntamiento de Madrid

Origen de los datos: Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Distritos municipales, last updated 18 September 2026. Adapted. The Ayuntamiento de Madrid does not endorse this application.

Licence: Condiciones generales de reutilización del Ayuntamiento de Madrid. The city's general terms for re-use of its documents, made under Spain's Ley 37/2007 on the re-use of public sector information. They permit re-use “para fines comerciales y no comerciales” and grant a free, non-exclusive right of “reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública o transformación” worldwide. Not share-alike. The obligations are to cite the source, to state the date the data was last updated, not to distort the meaning of the information, and not to suggest that the city endorses the re-use.

Changes made

Converted from TopoJSON to GeoJSON.
District names normalised to close the spaces around their hyphens: the source writes “Moncloa - Aravaca” and the city writes “Moncloa-Aravaca”.
Simplified and coordinates rounded to five decimal places.

Unitats administratives de la ciutat de Barcelona, Ajuntament de Barcelona

Licence: CC BY 4.0. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, as declared by the portal. It permits sharing and adaptation for any purpose, including commercially, on the single condition of attribution, and adds no share-alike term.

Changes made

Filtered to the ten districts and read from the WGS84 geometry rather than the ETRS89 one.
Converted from WKT to GeoJSON.
Simplified and coordinates rounded to five decimal places.

OurAirports

Airport data from OurAirports, maintained by David Megginson.

Licence: Public domain. All data is released to the Public Domain, and comes with no guarantee of accuracy or fitness for use. Credit is welcomed but explicitly not required: "We'd love you to give us credit...but you're not required to."

Changes made

Filtered to Spain (`iso_country` ES) and to airports with an IATA code and scheduled service, which excludes the four air bases, the closed Ciudad Real airport, and Ceuta's heliport.
Split into two tiers by the source's own `type`: the 21 it classes `large_airport`, and all 44 with scheduled service.
For Vietnam, filtered the same way to 22 airports and split the same way, 8 of them `large_airport`. Names replaced from a reviewed table checked against Wikidata, which adds the Vietnamese; parents are the 2025 provinces containing each airport, because the source's `iso_region` for Vietnam is the eight pre-2025 regions.
For Europe, one airport chosen per capital city from a table rather than by a rule, because the source carries no traffic figures and so cannot say which airport of a city is the principal one. Each code is checked against the source for a unique match in the right country within 120 km of the capital.
For the United States, the 95 `large_airport`s with scheduled service in the 50 states, parented by the state each is in; the major tier is the FAA's large hubs (see the FAA entry) rather than the source's class.
Coordinates rounded to four decimal places.

Region flags: Spain's communities, the UK's nations, Malaysia's states, the Dutch Caribbean, the US and Brazilian states, Argentina's provinces, Colombia's departments, Australia's states and territories, Canada's provinces and territories, Chile's regions, Peru's departments, Venezuela's states, Ecuador's provinces, Bolivia's departments, Paraguay's departments, Costa Rica's provinces, Guatemala's departments, Panama's provinces and comarcas

Wikimedia Commons, Flag of Castile and León.svg — Rastrojo, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Flag of La Rioja (with coat of arms).svg — jynus, CC BY 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Flag of Melilla.svg — SanchoPanzaXXI, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Flag of Kelantan.svg — Mysid, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Flag of Sint Eustatius.svg — User:Andrwsc, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 Wikimedia Commons, Bandera de la Provincia de Salta.svg — Students of Nicolás Avellaneda School of Salta, vector by Gorivero, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Bandera de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.svg — Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, CC BY 2.5 AR, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Bandera de la Provincia del Chaco.svg — Mario Gadotti, vector by Lu1g1-ktupq, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Bandera de la Provincia de Catamarca.svg — Fabián Martinena, vector by 3188a, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Bandera de la Provincia de La Pampa.svg — Government of La Pampa, vector by Jaume Ollé, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Bandera de la Provincia de Formosa.svg — Honorable Convención Constituyente de Formosa, vector by Guilherme Paula, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Bandera de la Provincia del Neuquen.svg — Aldo Mástice, vector by Lu1g1-ktupq, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Bandera de la Provincia del Río Negro.svg — Daniel Cuomo, vector by Hellerick, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Bandera de la Provincia del Chubut.svg — Roxana Vanesa Jones, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Bandera de la Provincia de Córdoba 2014.svg — Cristian Baquero Lazcano, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Bandera de la Provincia de Santa Cruz.svg — Gorivero, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Flag of Amazonas (Colombia).svg — Milenioscuro, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Flag of Cundinamarca.svg — Milenioscuro, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Flag of Guaviare.svg — Milenioscuro, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Flag of Sucre (Colombia).svg — Milenioscuro, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Flag of Vaupés.svg — Fibonacci, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons, Federal dependencies of Venezuela's Flag.svg — Vexilio, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Licence: Mixed: public domain, CC0, CC BY, CC BY-SA, MIT, free use, and original drawings. Three hundred and twenty-three flags, each with its own provenance, listed per file in assets/region-flags/manifest.ts: Spain's seventeen autonomous communities and two autonomous cities, three of the four nations of the United Kingdom, Malaysia's thirteen states and three federal territories, the Kingdom of the Netherlands' six Caribbean countries and municipalities, the fifty United States, Brazil's twenty-six states and Distrito Federal, Argentina's twenty-three provinces and Ciudad Autónoma, Colombia's thirty-two departments and Bogotá, Australia's six states and two mainland territories, Canada's ten provinces and three territories, ten of Chile's sixteen regions, twenty-one of Peru's twenty-five departments, nineteen of Venezuela's twenty-five states, twenty-one of Ecuador's twenty-four provinces, Bolivia's nine departments, fourteen of Paraguay's eighteen, five of Costa Rica's seven provinces, fourteen of Guatemala's twenty-two departments, and eleven of Panama's thirteen provinces and comarcas. Most are public domain or CC0 and need nothing; nine come from flag-icons under MIT; twenty-four are drawn for this project. Mississippi's is not public domain: the state owns the design and grants its free use to the public, with no credit required. Twenty-two carry a credit, below, because their licences ask for one: eleven of them Argentine provincial flags under CC BY. Eight of those are CC BY-SA, the only share-alike assets in this project, each by decision: Melilla's, whose flag is its coat of arms on a blue field, Kelantan's, whose flag is its emblem on red, Sint Eustatius's, which carries an emblem of its own, and five Colombian departments' — Amazonas, Cundinamarca, Guaviare, Sucre and Vaupés — which carry arms or emblems. None has a form without the emblem to take instead, and approximating one by hand is refused. Andalucía's, Selangor's, Terengganu's, Sarawak's, Saba's, Caquetá's, Magdalena's, Chile's Los Lagos, Los Ríos and Magallanes, Peru's Junín, Moquegua, Piura and Tumbes, Venezuela's Falcón, Ecuador's Manabí and Los Ríos, and Paraguay's Caaguazú, Caazapá, Central, Amambay, Canindeyú and Presidente Hayes are drawn for this project for the same reason turned the other way: a flag's design is official insignia rather than the copyrightable part, so an original drawing of it carries no one else's licence.

Changes made

Andalucía and Cantabria are the arms-less civil forms; the versions carrying a coat of arms are CC BY-SA. Ceuta's is the arms-less form too, and is public domain as simple geometry.
Selangor, Terengganu and Sarawak are drawn from their official descriptions; every Commons rendering of them is CC BY-SA.
Copied into public/flags/regions by `pnpm flags`, from the committed sources in assets/region-flags.

Ordnance Survey open data: OS Open Rivers, OS OpenMap Local, OS Open Names

Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2026.

Licence: Open Government Licence v3.0. Free to copy, publish, adapt and exploit, commercially and non-commercially, provided the source is acknowledged with the attribution statement below.

Changes made

Lakes (#298): from OS OpenMap Local's water polygons, one 100 km tile per lake, each lake the polygon at its OS Open Names point recorded in data/build/uk-lakes.ts; reprojected and simplified. Great Cumbrae is the island-shaped hole in OpenMap Local's tidal water for tile NS.
Only the 41 rivers of Great Britain on the owner's list (data/build/uk-rivers.ts) were taken, by name — the primary or the alternative name, as Welsh rivers carry both — within a box that tells namesakes apart; reprojected from British National Grid to WGS84 and simplified.

DAERA Northern Ireland River Segments

Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0 (Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, Northern Ireland).

Licence: Open Government Licence v3.0. Published on OpenDataNI under the Open Government Licence v3.0, which permits reuse provided the source is acknowledged.

Changes made

The segments are unnamed. The Bann, the Lagan and the Foyle are each the shortest path through the network from a source point to a mouth point recorded in data/build/uk-rivers.ts; the virtual segments through loughs route the path and are not drawn. Reprojected from Irish Grid to WGS84 and simplified.

ONS Postcode Directory

Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2026. Contains Royal Mail data © Royal Mail copyright and database right 2026. Source: Office for National Statistics, licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Licence: Open Government Licence v3.0. Free to copy, publish, adapt and exploit, commercially and non-commercially, provided the source is acknowledged with the attribution statements below.

Changes made

Only the centroids of the 25 postcodes of the UK universities' main offices were taken (data/build/uk-universities.ts), read through postcodes.io on 4 October 2026, and rounded to four decimals.

Wikidata

Coordinates, football grounds, Brazilian and Colombian city positions, Thai and Burmese place names, and Vietnamese and Malay place and airport names from Wikidata contributors.

Licence: CC0 1.0 Universal (public domain dedication). CC0 waives copyright, so no attribution is legally required. It is recorded because every other source here is, and because the provenance of a coordinate matters more than its licence.

Changes made

Only the capes named in data/build/spain-capes.ts were taken, chosen by hand rather than by query.
Wikidata's own typing could not be used as the filter: P31 = cape admits inland hills from a batch import and excludes Cabo de Palos, which is typed as a village.
Coordinates rounded to four decimals, about 11 m.
Thai and Burmese country names are the labels as written, one per ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code, fetched by one SPARQL query; where two items share a code the lower item id is kept.
Football grounds (2026–27 leagues): the position of each ground named in data/build/football-grounds.ts. Which ground each club plays at, and the ground's name, are reviewed there against 2026–27 home fixtures rather than taken from Wikidata's home venue (P115), which the build only checks against. League membership is each league's own list (laliga.com, ligaf.es), checked on 1 October 2026.

US Census Bureau, Census Regions and Divisions of the United States

Region and division membership from the United States Census Bureau.

Licence: Public domain (work of the United States federal government). A work prepared by an officer or employee of the United States government as part of their official duties is not subject to copyright in the United States. No attribution is legally required; it is recorded because the scheme is a published convention rather than a fact of geography, and a pupil asked where the Midwest is deserves to know whose Midwest.

Changes made

Only the membership was taken — which states are in which division. The geometry is Natural Earth's, dissolved from the published us-states document.
The District of Columbia, a member of the South Atlantic division, is absent because us-states excludes it: it is not a state, and at 177 km² it projects to 3 canvas units.
Not taken from Wikipedia, whose text is CC BY-SA and which this project does not use.

IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística): Estimativas da População 2025, and the Grandes Regiões

Brazil's municipal populations (2025 estimates) and its five regions from IBGE.

Licence: Brazilian public information; IBGE permits reproduction with the source cited. IBGE publishes its statistics as public information and asks only that the source be named, which this does. Only facts were taken: which municipalities have 500,000 people or more, and which states are in which region.

Changes made

Only the selection was taken from the estimates (table 6579, published August 2025): the 26 municipalities of 500,000 or more that are not state capitals. Their positions are Wikidata's, found by IBGE municipality code.
The five regions (Norte, Nordeste, Centro-Oeste, Sudeste, Sul) are membership only; the geometry is Natural Earth's, dissolved from the published br-states document.

DANE (Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística): Proyecciones de población municipal 2018–2042

Colombia's municipal populations (2025 projections) from DANE.

Licence: Colombian public information; DANE permits reuse with the source cited. DANE publishes its statistics as public information and asks that the source be named, which this does. Only a fact was taken: which municipalities have 300,000 people or more.

Changes made

Only the selection was taken from the projections (PPED-AreaMun-2018-2042, updated 30 July 2025, year 2025, total area): the seven municipalities of 300,000 or more that are not department capitals. Their positions are Wikidata's, found by DIVIPOLA code.

Typefaces: Fredoka, Baloo 2, Baloo Bhaijaan 2, Baloo Da 2, Mitr, Noto Nastaliq Urdu, Noto Sans Myanmar

Fredoka: Copyright 2016 The Fredoka Project Authors. Baloo 2, Baloo Bhaijaan 2, Baloo Da 2: Copyright 2019 The Baloo 2 Project Authors. Mitr: Copyright (c) 2015, Cadson Demak. Noto Nastaliq Urdu and Noto Sans Myanmar: Copyright 2022 The Noto Project Authors.

Licence: SIL Open Font License 1.1. Each font may be used, bundled and redistributed provided its copyright notice and the licence travel with it, which public/fonts/OFL.txt does. Self-hosted: no font is requested from anyone else.

Changes made

Each file is a subset to one script's characters, so a page downloads only the scripts it shows.

flag-icons

Licence: MIT. MIT permits use, copying, modification and distribution, including commercially, provided the copyright notice and permission notice are included in all copies or substantial portions of the software.

Changes made

Only the 4x3 flags for the 195 countries in the place tree are included; the other 76 in the set are not.
Copied into public/flags by `pnpm flags`, with the MIT licence text alongside them, rather than imported through the package's stylesheet.

Lucide

Licence: ISC, and MIT for the icons derived from Feather. ISC permits use, copying, modification and distribution for any purpose, provided the copyright notice and permission notice appear in all copies. The icons Lucide takes from Feather — of ours, lock, log-in, log-out, maximize, minimize and move — are under MIT, which asks the same.

Federal Aviation Administration — Passenger Boarding (Enplanement) Data

Large hub classification from the FAA's CY 2025 Commercial Service Enplanements data.

Licence: Public domain (work of the United States government). A work prepared by an officer or employee of the United States Government as part of that person's official duties is not subject to copyright in the United States (17 U.S.C. §105), and may be used without permission.

Changes made

Only the hub classification is used: the 30 airports the FAA classes as large hubs (Hub = "L") for calendar year 2025 are the major tier of the United States airport sets. Positions and names are OurAirports'.

DECEA, AIP Brasil — AD 1.3, Index to aerodromes and heliports

Brazil's international aerodromes from DECEA's AIP Brasil, AD 1.3 (amendment A 19-2026, effective 1 October 2026).

Licence: Brazilian public information (an official aeronautical publication). The AIP is the Brazilian state's official aeronautical publication, published openly. Only a fact was taken from it: which aerodromes are designated international.

Changes made

Only the designation is used: the 46 aerodromes whose traffic AD 1.3 lists as INTL, less Oriximiná (SJM1), which has no IATA code. They are the br-airports and br-airport-codes sets. Positions, codes and names are OurAirports'.

COCESNA, AIP Centroamérica — AD 1.3, Índice de aeródromos y helipuertos

Central America's international aerodromes from COCESNA's AIP Centroamérica, AD 1.3 (edition of 1 October 2026).

Licence: Official aeronautical publication of the Central American states. COCESNA publishes the AIP of Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica openly, on their behalf. Only a fact was taken from it: which aerodromes each state lists for international traffic.

Changes made

Only the designation is used: the aerodromes whose traffic AD 1.3 lists as INTL-NTL decide each Central American country's airport tiers (#318). Positions, codes and names are OurAirports' and Wikidata's.

Panama's districts (geoBoundaries), from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Panamá Oeste's border: geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020), from Milton Solano, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 2012, CC BY 4.0. Adapted.

Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). geoBoundaries republishes Milton Solano's 2012 district map of Panama (GIS Laboratory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute) under CC BY 4.0: free to share and adapt with attribution.

Changes made

Only the five districts that became Panamá Oeste in 2014 are used — Arraiján, Capira, Chame, La Chorrera and San Carlos — dissolved into one shape that cuts Natural Earth's Panamá province in two. Every other border is Natural Earth's.

Autoridad Aeronáutica Civil de Panamá, AIP Panamá — AD 1.3, Índice de aeródromos y helipuertos

Panama's international aerodromes from the Autoridad Aeronáutica Civil's AIP Panamá, AD 1.3 (30 September 2025).

Licence: Official aeronautical publication of the Republic of Panama. The AIP is the Panamanian state's official aeronautical publication, published openly. Only a fact was taken from it: which aerodromes are listed for international traffic.

Changes made

Only the designation is used: the seven aerodromes whose traffic AD 1.3 lists as INTL-NTL are the pa-airports and pa-airport-codes sets. Positions, codes and names are OurAirports' and Wikidata's.

IGN/CNIG, Información Geográfica de Referencia – Hidrografía

Spain's rivers: Información Geográfica de Referencia – Hidrografía, © Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN), CC BY 4.0. Adapted.

Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Spain's official river network, from the 1:25,000 National Topographic Database and the 2 m elevation model, published by the Instituto Geográfico Nacional under CC BY 4.0: free to share and adapt with attribution.

Changes made

Each river's watercourse segments, by its name in the network, kept from its own river basin district, joined end to end and simplified to 1% of their vertices, for the es-rivers and es-tributaries sets (#358).
Which rivers are asked is from the teaching unit Los ríos de España, para profesores (Programa de Altas Capacidades, Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Madrid, with Fundación Pryconsa): its list only, not its text.

IGN/CNIG, Modelo Digital del Terreno (MDT500)

Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Spain's digital terrain model at 500 m, published by the Instituto Geográfico Nacional under CC BY 4.0: free to share and adapt with attribution.

Changes made

Each of the owner's 38 ranges outlined from the elevation: grown from its highest point and the seeds recorded in spain-mountains-table.ts over the ground above its recorded floor, within its recorded reach, all ranges at once and highest ground first so neighbours part at the saddle between them; kept inside Spain's autonomous communities, contoured and simplified, for the es-ranges sets (#361).
Which ranges and systems are asked, and the peaks' names and heights, are the owner's table in issue #361; where IGN disagrees, IGN's figure is used and the build records why.

IGN/CNIG, Nomenclátor Geográfico Básico de España (NGBE)

Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Spain's gazetteer of named places, published by the Instituto Geográfico Nacional under CC BY 4.0.

DB-IP

IP Geolocation by DB-IP.

Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). IP to Country Lite is free under CC BY 4.0, with credit and a link to DB-IP.com wherever its results are used.

Changes made

Only the country column is kept, as a table of address ranges built by data/build/ip-country.ts. IPv6 ranges are kept to /64 precision.
Used only to choose which examples the signed-out homepage shows, on the server, for that request; the address and the country are not stored.